, unemployment and crime rates in Malaysia. This study covered the annual data from 1970 to 2008. Design/methodology/approach – The … arrivals are positively related to crime rates in Malaysia. For Granger causality, in the long-run tourist arrivals, inflation … and unemployment rates Granger cause crime rate in Malaysia. However, in the short run we find bilateral causality between …

this study is to examine the impacts of tourism, energy consumption and political instability on economic growth within the … that energy consumption and tourism significantly contribute to the economic growth of countries in the MENA region. Hence …, our study lends some support to the existence of the tourism-led growth and energy-led growth hypotheses in the region. In …