In 2010, Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan formed the Eurasian Customs Union and imposed the Russian tariff as the common … Kazakhstan all had to approximately double their average external tariff to implement the common external tariff. Russia has … in substantial transfers from Kazakhstan to Russia (with similar impacts expected for Armenia and the Kyrgyz Republic) as …

In this paper the authors use a computable general equilibrium model of the Kazakhstan economy to assess the impact of … accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), which encompasses (1) improved market access; (2) Kazakhstan tariff reduction … based on detailed questionnaires completed by specialized research institutes in Kazakhstan. They estimate that Kazakhstan …

gas very substantially benefit Russia. On the other hand, in raw timber the analysis suggests that a substantial reduction … Asian gas supplies, at progressively higher prices for Russia. The increased prices of gas for Russian consumers have shown … that it is crucial for Russia to allow new entrants and to introduce competition in the Russian domestic market. Without …