Since a mysterious creator under the alias Satoshi Nakamoto (a pseudonym) launched first successful cryptocurrency in January 2009, he (or could be she) also opened the door for never-ending criticism, claims, arguments, plethora of articles, and media frenzy all contemplating what Bitcoin is....

Before the invention of money (coin or paper) there was barter trading, a form of exchange without the use of a monetary medium such as coinage, paper money, or electronic cash (i.e. Bitcoin); Adam Smith (1776) described barter trade as primitive in his seminal “The Wealth of Nations” book....

At the time of writing this article, the Bitcoin bomb has exploded; after peaking at $64,863 on 14 April 2021, the value of Bitcoin has plunged 45% to $31,276 on May 21, 2021; consequently, nearly $600 billion of value evaporated from Bitcoin’s market cap, i.e. from $1.182 trillion (April 2021) to...

Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) abolished the Ottoman Empire in 1922 by overthrowing the last sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin and established the Republic of Turkey as a secular state on 29 October 1923. After Atatürk’s death on 10 November 1938, the Turkish Armed Forces has safeguarded his principles...

Trade among people dates back to prehistoric times; before invention of money, a primitive system of exchange called barter existed. Barter has reemerged as an alternative to the dollar, attributable to high-magnitude financial crises such as the 2006 mortgage debacle and the ensuing global...

US President Donald J. Trump says he is not “a fan of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies”, and he does not have to be, but using this premature reason (like a bully) to rage a war against Bitcoin and Libra is ludicrous. Will Trump (or the United States government) try to destroy everything...

A mysterious creator under the alias Satoshi Nakamoto (a pseudonym) launched the world’s first successful cryptocurrency in early January 2009 which, not only was a historic moment, but was one that cultivated a technology revolution and money’s evolution into a digital form. However,...

Huge difference a decade makes; from an uninterrupted growth in one decade (i.e. birth of the Justice and Development Party – AKP in August 2001 and the rise of the AKP during 2002-2013) to another decade of unorthodox policies induced by ever more authoritarianism (i.e. the loss of Istanbul...

Innumerable factors contributing to global warming is nothing of new, but increased human-induced greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the burning of vast amounts of fossil fuels have pushed the Earth's natural systems (balanced carbon cycle) out of balance causing extreme climate changes in...