All else being equal, debt obligations in foreign and local currency carry different default risk. This is commonly recognised in the case of sovereign debt, but less so for non sovereign, i.e., private sector, obligors. To the same obligor, the incremental default risk on a foreign currency...

In this paper we describe a framework for incorporating transfer risk into Pillar 1 regulatory capital calculations. In conjunction with an (A)IRB credit model, it involves a transaction-level consideration of whether an obligation bears transfer risk, and if it does, calculating an RWA add on....