infrastructure. In this paper, we concentrate on measuring commuting-related benefits. We compare and contrast two different … approaches. The first relies on using data on commuting flows and the gravity model. The second approach uses the relationship …

markets with polycentric labour market structures. This paper examines whether data on observed commuting patterns can replace … or supplement gravity-based measures representing the commuting potential at specific locations. We use data from a … region in Western Norway, and we find that measures based on observed commuting flows and commuting time cannot replace a …

commuting patterns. The paper shows that the relationship between housing prices and patterns of commuting is fairly complex and …