We observe a very distinct pattern of entry and exit in the oil industry. Significant numbers of well openings and closings are only observed during periods of very high oil prices and very low oil prices, respectively. A band of inaction lies between the high entry and the low exit price....

The static production efficiency model and the dynamic duality model of intertemporal decision making using a parametric approach have been continuously developed but in separate directions. The parametric approach takes statistical noise into account, which can provide accurate measures in a...