Fossil fuel divestment campaigns urge investors to sell their stakes in companies that supply coal, oil, and gas. However, avoiding investments in such companies can be expected to impose a financial cost on the investor because of reduced opportunities for portfolio diversification. We compare...

The transition from high- to lower-carbon production systems increasingly creates regulatory and market risks for high-emitting firms. We test to which extent financial investors demand a premium to compensate for such risks and thus might raise firms' cost of equity capital (CoE). Using data...