Using Japanese firms that went public during the period 1998–2006, we find that independent venture capitalist-backed IPO firms are significantly younger and smaller than IPO companies backed by venture capital firms that are subsidiaries of financial institutions. IPOs backed by independent...

Using Japanese firms that went public during the period 1998-2006, we find that independent venture capitalist-backed IPO firms are significantly younger and smaller than IPO companies backed by venture capital firms that are subsidiaries of financial institutions. IPOs backed by independent...