Do international sanctions effectively impose economic costs on targeted entities? We consider various U.S. sanctions imposed on the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) from July 2020 onward. We find that exactly when sanctions are imposed, stock market returns of XPCC-connected...

We evaluate the impact of international competition on firm-level perfor- mance in Belgium. In the manufacturing sector we consider both the impact of global competition through measures of import penetration and the impact of within-EU competitiveness using measures of relative labor cost. In...