almost flat across the country. We predict that areas with higher outside wages should suffer from problems of recruiting … areas having to rely more on temporary quot;agency staffquot; as they are unable to increase (regulated) wages in order to … attract permanent employees. By contrast, we find no systematic role for an effect of outside wages of performance when we run …

almost flat across the country. We predict that areas with higher outside wages should suffer from problems of recruiting … areas having to rely more on temporary "agency staff" as they are unable to increase (regulated) wages in order to attract … permanent employees. By contrast, we find no systematic role for an effect of outside wages of performance when we run placebo …

test this, using the British National Health Service as our test bed. We predict that areas with higher outside wages …) wages in order to attract permanent employees. We quantify the magnitudes of these "hidden costs" of labour market …

There is a vast empirical literature of the effects of training on wages that are taken as an indirect measure of … Force Survey. This is combined with complementary industry-level data sources on value added, wages, labour and capital. We … productivity) is low. Secondly, our estimates of the effects of training on wages are about half the size of the effects on …