: competition, business environment, learning spillovers and human capital. Collectively, these drivers account for about a third of …

whether greater product market competition increases decentralization. For example, tougher competition may make local manager … competitiveness of product markets, one explanation for the trend towards decentralization could be increased competition. Of course …), information and communication technology (Timothy Bresnahan, Erik Brynjolfsson and Lorin Hitt, 2002), culture (Bloom, Sadun and …