management practices and skills in hospitals across nine countries. We find that hospitals that are closer to universities … offering both medical education and business education have higher management quality, more MBA trained managers and lower …

management practices and skills in hospitals across nine countries. We find that hospitals that are closer to universities … offering both medical education and business education have higher management quality, more MBA trained managers and lower …

Empirical studies on information communication technologies (ICT) typically aggregate the informationʺ and …" lower level agents. Conversely, technologies reducing communication costs substitute agent's knowledge for directions from … workers) are associated with more autonomy and a wider span of control. By contrast, communication technologies (like data …