relationship between education and two routes to early retirement – the receipt of Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) and … the early claiming of Social Security retirement benefits – to illustrate the long-lasting influence of education. We find … focus on four critical “pathways” through which education may indirectly influence early retirement – health, employment …

NBER Bulletin on Aging and Health by email. How households draw down the balances that they accumulate in retirement saving … accounts such as 401(k) plans and Individual Retirement Accounts can have an important effect on the contribution of these … accounts to retirement income security. This paper presents evidence on the pattern of withdrawals at different ages. We find a …

How households draw down their balances in personal retirement accounts (PRAs) such as 401(k) plans and IRAs can have … an important effect on retirement income security and on federal income tax revenues. This paper examines the withdrawal … behavior of retirement-age households in the SIPP and finds a modest rate of withdrawals prior to the age of 70½, the age at …

This paper presents evidence on the resources available to households as they enter retirement. It draws heavily on … data collected by the Health and Retirement Study and calculates the "potential additional annuity income" that households … could purchase, given their holdings of non-annuitized financial assets at the start of retirement. Even if households used …