Multinational enterprises must contend with increasingly challenging conditions in the international business environment. This handbook explores how classic principles of international competitive strategy are transformed in today's markets and provides suggestions on how firms can develop...

This study presents the first empirical test with German establishment level data of a hypothesis derived by Helpman et al. (2004) in a model that explains the decision of heterogeneous firms to serve foreign markets either through exports of foreign direct investment: only the more productive...