We review the literature on national innovation systems. We first focus on the emergence of the concept of innovation …). After this, we discuss how the notion of innovation systems filled a need for providing a broader basis for innovation … policy. We conclude with some perspectives on the future of the innovation systems literature. …

The aim of the paper is to assess heterogeneity of the innovation process. Using exploratory factor analysis on micro … data from the third Community Innovation Survey in 13 countries, we identify four factors that that can be interpreted as … research, user, external and production ingredients of innovation. All too often it is assumed that the differences between the …

The aim of the paper is to assess heterogeneity of the innovation process. Using exploratory factor analysis on micro … data from the third Community Innovation Survey in 13 countries, we identify four factors that that can be interpreted as … research, user, external and production ingredients of innovation. All too often it is assumed that the differences between the …

We review the literature on national innovation systems. We first focus on the emergence of the concept of innovation …). After this, we discuss how the notion of innovation systems filled a need for providing a broader basis for innovation … policy. We conclude with some perspectives on the future of the innovation systems literature. …

Firms increasingly rely upon external actors for their innovation process. Interaction with these actors may occur … analyses the reasons why firms consider it to be important to develop formal and informal external linkages in the innovation … substitutive relationship might exist between formal and informal linkages. Data come from the Third Community Innovation Survey …

This paper discusses the possibility of a spatial hierarchy of innovation and growth dynamics in Europe. A spatial … hierarchy is understood as a geographical clustering of regions, where important differences exist in terms of innovation and … growth dynamics between the clusters. The literature on regional growth and innovation is briefly scanned. After this, a …

We review the literature on national innovation systems. We first focus on the emergence of the concept of innovation …). After this, we discuss how the notion of innovation systems filled a need for providing a broader basis for innovation … policy. We conclude with some perspectives on the future of the innovation systems literature. …

Firms increasingly rely upon external actors for their innovation process. Interaction with these actors may occur … analyses the reasons why firms consider it to be important to develop formal and informal external linkages in the innovation … substitutive relationship might exist between formal and informal linkages. Data come from the Third Community Innovation Survey …

This paper discusses the possibility of a spatial hierarchy of innovation and growth dynamics in Europe. A spatial … hierarchy is understood as a geographical clustering of regions, where important differences exist in terms of innovation and … growth dynamics between the clusters. The literature on regional growth and innovation is briefly scanned. After this, a …

Firms increasingly rely upon external actors for their innovation process. Interaction with these actors may occur … analyses the reasons why firms consider it to be important to develop formal and informal external linkages in the innovation … substitutive relationship might exist between formal and informal linkages. Data come from the Third Community Innovation Survey …