The substitution of noncash (check, giro, and credit and debit card) payments for cash transactions is difficult to gauge because there are no data series on the actual value or volume of cash transactions in any country. However, determining the degree of cash substitution is important because...

This paper examines the electronification of noncash payments in Finland and the extent to which noncash payment means are used as substitutes for cash. We model the processes of cash substitution and electronification of payments as 'S'-shaped learning curves and generate forecasts by...

This study investigates the growth of Finnish deposit banks over the period 1980–1993. We examine the growth in balance sheets, lending and deposits of the public as well as major changes in the balance sheet structure. The focus of the study is first on the overall banking industry and second...

In the European Economic Area the home country supervises the activities of its banks, wherever they are operating via branches or across borders, while the host country handles the stability of its financial system and problems stemming from failure or distress. We address two main problems...

A model of banking competition is developed, in which diffusion of electronic banking (eg pc and phone banking) and nonbank competition (eg mutual funds, retail stores and insurance firms) are studied as factors that diminish the benefits of branch and ATM networks in terms of enhanced demand...

The paper presents a method of measuring bank differentiation in terms of branch and ATM networks and uses the measures thus obtained to explain the pricing of deposits as well as corporate and household loans. Structural system models of demand and pricing equations are also estimated to...

The study analyses the effects on banking competition of the changes in banking delivery and information collection technologies and of the rivalry from outside the traditional banking sector. Key implications for monetary, regulatory and competition policies are also addressed. <p> Evidence is...</p>