The recent increase in the rate of commercialization of intellectual property at US and European universities has important performance and policy implications. We review recent studies of the antecedents and consequences of these activities and then draw some lessons learned for policy-makers....

To better understand how academic research can contribute to innovative growth and to assess how Europe is and could be doing in this respect, we review the analysis and evidence of business science links and Europe's record on this. The evidence and analysis shows that the link between science...