Barbieri, Laura; Piva, Mariacristina; Vivarelli, Marco - 2016
embodied technological change (ETC). We use a novel panel dataset covering 265 innovative Italian firms over the period 1998 …-2010. The main outcome from the proposed fixed effect estimations is a labor-friendly nature of total innovation expenditures … and R&D expenditures are totally due to firms operating in high-tech industries and large companies, while no job …