-way traders do have the highest premia, followed by firms that only export, while firms that only Import have the smallest …

, when observed firm characteristics and unobserved firm specific effects are controlled for. We find that export-starters in … services are less profitable than non-starters, even two years before they begin to export, pointing to self-selection of less … profitable firms into export markets. We use a recently developed continuous treatment approach to investigate the causal impact …