holders. The paper focuses on those full-term German patents of the application year 1977 which were held by West German and U ….S. residents. The most valuable patents in our data account for a large fraction of the cumulative value over all observations …

holders. The paper focuses on those full-term German patents of the application year 1977 which were held by West German and U ….S. residents. The most valuable patents in our data account for a large fraction of the cumulative value over all observations …

approximating those of the patented invention. This paper focuses on the full-term patents of the application year 1977 held by West …

supported by estimates from litigation studies suggesting that the majority of patents granted by the U.S. patent office should … applications granted at one office but refused at another office. Our method allows us to distinguish whether low-quality patents … of each office, the percentage of mistakenly granted patents is under 10 percent for all offices. The Japanese patent …

supported by estimates from litigation studies suggesting that the majority of patents granted by the U.S. patent office should … applications granted at one office but refused at another office. Our method allows us to distinguish whether low-quality patents … of each office, the percentage of mistakenly granted patents is under 10 percent for all offices. The Japanese patent …

Low-quality patents are of considerable concern to businesses operating in patent-dense markets. There are two pathways … by which low-quality patents may be issued: the patent office may apply systematically a standard that is too lenient … (low inventive step threshold); or the patent office may grant patents that are, in fact, below its own threshold (so …