This chapter in the forthcoming Elgar Encyclopedia of International Economic Law examines the following topics with respect to Australia: trade; investment; financial regulation; and artificial intelligence. Further information about Australia – including the legislative process, the relationship...

The 2020 Defence Strategic Update recognises that Australia’s interests are corroded where states evade the rules-based order to carry out subversive ‘grey-zone’ activities in pursuit of interests contrary to Australia’s. Weaponised Trade is a grey zone activity of particular concern for...

Our submission is focussed on how Australia’s BITs can be modernised to ensure that the promotion and protection of investments is balanced against the need to safeguard policy space for legitimate public-welfare measures or ‘regulatory autonomy’. This discussion responds primarily to...