In recent years many empirical studies of environmental Kuznets curves employing unit root and cointegration techniques … Ushaped relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions. -- Carbon Kuznets Curve ; panel data ; unit roots ; cointegration …

cointegration techniques. The EKC literature has failed to acknowledge that such regressions involve unit root nonstationary …-sample KPSS type cointegration test. We present simulation results illustrating the performance of the estimators and tests. In … modified estimation ; nonlinear cointegration analysis ; environmental Kuznets curve …