Chapter 22 of Marie Breen-Smyth, Ashgate Companion to Political Violence (2012): Within the dominion of counter-terrorism, policy choices can be stark. One must determine in institutional terms whether the response is to be predominantly military or policing and, cutting across that boundary,...

At the heart of the terrorism policing powers in the Terrorism Act 2000 is arrest without warrant under section 41. Its traditional purpose is to allow for the interrogation of suspects. A second, and mounting, reason is to facilitate forensic testing by explosives analysis, DNA profiling,...

The post-9/11 intensified attention to the financing of terrorism has often focused on the interaction with the activities of charities. Their vulnerabilities have been most underlined by the Financial Action Task Force. The resultant qualitative prominence given to anti-terrorism financing...

The thesis of this paper is that policy spirals have developed around 'Prevent' and 'Counter Extremism'. A 'policy spiral' describes a policy which lacks clear initial purpose or subsequent direction, progression, control and reflection. A policy spiral is therefore susceptible to unresolved...

Terrorism speech content presents multiple dangers for liberal democracies, the mechanics of attacks, the fostering of motivation to become involved in terrorist incitements and the censoring process which can threaten cherished values or drain state resources. This article will explore these...

The Court of Justice of the European Union has been neither wholly hapless nor wholly heroic. It has avoided being side-lined and appearing impotent in the face of UN onslaughts on European fundamental values. But it has not been heroic in the assertion and clear articulation of those values,...

ONE of the most notable results of the General Election in June 1983, the triumph of Gerry Adams, Provisional Sinn Fein candidate for Belfast West, also produced one of the more interesting legal issues resulting from the campaign. The essence of the problem was that Adams, together with two...

Debate continues as to the transformations in terrorism evidenced by the September 11 attacks and since that time. Some, including the former U.S. President, point to changes in the nature of terrorism and argue that September 11 constituted a wholly new form of terrorism that demanded a novel...

Because of the difficulties of distinguishing friend and foe, security and insecurity, or even war and peace, terrorism appears to be an endemic and endless risk. The embedded nature of the terrorist risk appears to demand the treatment of one's neighbour as potentially friend and foe. One of...

It was Robert Nozick who, distinguishing the classical Liberal ‘night-watchman state' which protected citizens against violence and enforced contracts on their behalf, conjured instead the ‘ultraminimal state' in which the task of the state is confined to the monopolisation of violence...