This paper offers a model for the bias found in willingness-to-pay valuations against new treatments. For example, this bias provides an explanation for patient preferences that make it difficult for formularies to take treatments off their lists, even when newer treatments would appear to be...

In the 1970's, the percentage of high school graduates completing RN training increased with little change in the rate of return to training. During the 1980's this percentage declined, despite large increases in the rate of return. The national data employed here examine long-run trends (with...