As an extension of Wang & Zhu (2005), this short paper shows that the popular 51:49 equity structure can be optimal. This equity structure in joint ventures (JVs) has puzzled economists the world over. We find that, when the two parties are highly asymmetric in their abilities to acquire private...

This paper develops a simple structural model of the boundaries of the firm to formalize some of the aspects of the Williamsonian transaction cost economics that are distinct from Grossman, Hart and Moore's formal property rights theory. We build on two ideas. First, we employ Williamson's idea...

This article develops a two-period double moral hazard model with incomplete contracting to explore the implication of a possible adverse effect of unilateral control on the optimal revenue sharing and control allocation in a joint venture. We identify conditions under which joint ownership and...