men. Once risk attitude is controlled for, this effect shrinks to only 2.6 percent. We find no difference when single … participation is mainly explained by different risk attitudes and monetary endowments, but women would participate even less in the … capital market if they reacted as sensitively to risk aversion as their male counterparts. Lastly, given participation in the …

managers to achieve better returns, but they could also result in excessive risk taking. While we find evidence that these …

simplicity of the approach, its economic magnitude, its existence among large stocks, and the success of risk management, the …