learning transfers to new games. Current theories of learning model learning as adjustment in behavior in response to feedback … about outcomes and payoffs and largely ignore the possibility that learning may take place in the absence of such feedback … feedback between plays of the game. However, this previous work demonstrates this "no-feedback" learning using a special game …

Psychologists have long recognized two kinds of learning: one that is relatively shallow and domain-specific; and … recently considered this distinction, and the conditions that stimulate the latter kind of “meaningful” learning in games are … still unclear. Three experiments demonstrate that meaningful learning – the acquisition of the principle of iterated …

level, and is not significantly affected by learning. …