not patents affect the direction of research but that scientists’ understanding of patent law; their recent experience …

We test for evidence that the patent attorney has an extra-ordinary influence on the patent examiner using data on … examiner citations of 93 608 patent applications to the USPTO. We find that examiners cite patents from the same patent …

In this paper, we estimate the extent of misclassification in patent examination decisions between the EPO and JPO … – that is, applications that are incorrectly refused a patent or incorrectly granted a patent. Using a proxy for inventive …

reduces exporters’ incentive to export goods to jurisdictions with ‘weak’ patent regimes. This empirical paper uses new … measures of how the destination-country patent system can affect trade. In contrast with existing studies which assume would …-be exporters can always get a patent in the target foreign market, we construct measures of the bias against foreign patent …

Without the confidence that patent rights can be enforced quickly and efficiently, when needed, the patent system will … poured significant resources into gathering and analyzing statistics on patent enforcement over the last two decades. This …

contained in the patent document (the ‘disclosure effect’). We estimate the strength of both effects using exact matching … disclosure effect. Technology transaction negotiations involving a granted patent instead of a pending patent (our test for the … fields where patent protection is known to be more effective such as biotech, chemicals, drugs and medical …

Without the confidence that patent rights can be enforced quickly and efficiently, when needed, the patent system will … poured significant resources into gathering and analyzing statistics on patent enforcement over the last two decades. This …

One of the great unknowns of patent policy is how much infringement goes on, and how much of that infringement leads to … of inventions (which were the subject of a patent application) are subject to perceived copying at some time during their … (uncompleted) patent terms. In half of these cases, a letter alleging infringement was issued, and, in 4 out of 10 cases, this …