The fundamental rules for the classification of goods into a customs tariff which complies with the Harmonized System for the Description and Coding of Goods (HS) are according to General Rule 1, the six general rules of classification, the terms of headings and the notes (and according to...

The World Customs Organization (Organisation Mondiale des Dounaes) is an intergovernmental organization of more than 170 Member States that was founded as European Customs Cooperation Council in 1952. This paper gives a brief overview of its history and legal milestones.

The Nomenclature that is governed by the Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System Convention, Brussels, 14 June 1983) has resulted in an adjustment of many nomenclatures used worldwide for statistical and customs classifi cation because...

Many legal advisers, scientists and practitioners know since many years, that the Common External Tariff (CET) of the European Community (EC) is being applied non-uniform from the different national customs services and that the economic operators are using this systematic fault of the EC for...

Some scientists and authorities are arguing that tariffs are growing more and more unimportant since eight GATT/WTO-Tariff-Rounds have resulted in tremendous reductions of the original tariff rates in the late 1940ies. The Non-Tariff-Measures however are gaining more importance. A...

Das Übereinkommen des „Harmonisierten Systems zur Bezeichnung und Codierung der Waren” (auch „Harmonisiertes System“ genannt, abgekürzt HS) wurde mit Wirkung vom 1. Januar 1988 in Kraft gesetzt und wird inzwischen in 177 Staaten, Gebieten und Wirtschaftssystemen angewendet. Damit...

Die Einreihung von Waren in den Zolltarif ist für den Anfänger schwierig und häufig wegen unterschiedlicher Entscheidungen der Zollbehörden bei Problemfällen schwer nachvollziehbar. Die zugrunde liegenden Regeln des Zolltarifrechts sind jedoch sehr systematisch aufgebaut und leicht zu...