The fundamental rules for the classification of goods into a customs tariff which complies with the Harmonized System for the Description and Coding of Goods (HS) are according to General Rule 1, the six general rules of classification, the terms of headings and the notes (and according to...

The national customs services of the twenty-seven EU Member States are playing a crucial role for the preparation of the admission of further states to the European Union (EU) by helping to build structures and teach the EU Customs Law in order to enable candidate states to apply the acquis...

The Nomenclature that is governed by the Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System Convention, Brussels, 14 June 1983) has resulted in an adjustment of many nomenclatures used worldwide for statistical and customs classifi cation because...

Many legal advisers, scientists and practitioners know since many years, that the Common External Tariff (CET) of the European Community (EC) is being applied non-uniform from the different national customs services and that the economic operators are using this systematic fault of the EC for...

The customs sanctions of the EU-27 are not harmonized - the sanctioning of customs offences is still the task of the twenty-seven Member States and their national legislation. The US has attacked the purely national customs sanctions of the EU as break of the WTO rules in the WTO Dispute...

The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) is the most successful legally binding instrument of the World Customs Organization (WCO) with 156 contracting parties. More and more countries and economic regions are applying the HS nomenclature worldwide. But not all member states...

This paper investigates recent dynamic developments of the World Customs Organization (WCO) an intergovernmental Organization of 180 contracting parties that rules international customs matters and the co-operation of states in this field of work. During the last 5 years (2011–2015)...

Narcotic drugs are smuggled from the Americas to Europe and many parts of the World. While opium, cannabis, hashish or other drugs are mainly coming out of Asia or Africa and are channeled and smuggled to Europe mostly on a land passage (or very short maritime routes), cocaine is mostly produced...

Nachdem die Begriffe „Risiko“ und „Risikomanagement“ durch die kleine Reform des Zollkodex in Artikel 4 ZK als die neuen Nrn. 25 bzw. 26 ZK eingefügt worden sind, ist es nunmehr an der Zeit, Konzepte für die Reduzierung von Risiken zu entwickeln. Erste Überlegungen hierzu sind...