Deng, Yongheng; Wei, Shang-jin; Wu, Jing; Zhang, Rongjie - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2023
We estimate the size of the likely unofficial income of a household with a government official by the difference …, and the proportion also increases with rank. Third, government officials are not underpaid, and their unofficial incomes … are not a compensation for low government salaries. Additionally, evidence suggests unofficial incomes have declined since …