Aggregate energy is usually measured in the linear weighted summation of various energy types based on thermal dynamics laws. This measurement is scientific and acceptable in the physics or energy engineering world. However, it implicitly assumes that all energy types are perfectly substitutable...

Evaluating the energy and emissions efficiency, measuring the energy saving and emissions reduction potential, and estimating the carbon price in China at the regional level are considered a crucial way to identify the regional efficiency levels and efficiency promotion potentials, as well as to...