-firm lending data. We decompose loan movements in Japan for the period 1990 to 2010 into bank, firm, industry, and common shocks …

Japanese monetary and fiscal policy uses the consumer price index as a metric for price stability. Despite a major … effort to improve the index, the Japanese methodology of calculating the CPI seems to have a large number of deficiencies …. Little attention is paid in Japan to substitution biases and quality upgrading. This implies that important methodological …

for 40 regions of Japan. Our results identify important effects of a region’s own size, as well as cost linkages between … spread evenly over the 40 regions of Japan, aggregate output would fall by 5 percent. – markets ; regions ; productivity …