heterogeneous approach / Robert Barsky -- Time of troubles : the yen and Japan's economy, 1985-2008 / Maurice Obstfeld -- The Japan …, land prices, and the monetary transmission mechanism in Japan / John Muellbauer and Keiko Murata -- The Japanese employment … system after the bubble burst : new evidence / Ryo Kambayashi and Takao Kato -- Labor immobility in Japan : its causes and …

-firm lending data. We decompose loan movements in Japan for the period 1990 to 2010 into bank, firm, industry, and common shocks … economy, which creates a role for granular shocks, as in Gabaix (2011). As a result, idiosyncratic bank shocks - movements in …

for 40 regions of Japan. Our results identify important effects of a region’s own size, as well as cost linkages between … spread evenly over the 40 regions of Japan, aggregate output would fall by 5 percent. – markets ; regions ; productivity …

. Little attention is paid in Japan to substitution biases and quality upgrading. This implies that important methodological … differences have emerged between the U.S. and Japan since the U.S. started to correct for these biases in 1999. We estimate that … using the new corrected U.S. methodology, Japan's deflation averaged 1.2 percent per year since 1999. This is more than …