Political systems may respond not only to elections but also to expressions of dissatisfaction through complaints and geographic mobility. Understanding the implications of citizen dissatisfaction with local public services is the goal of this article, which examines empirically two forms of...

Complaints and geographic mobility--that is, "voice: and "exit"--are potential responses to "dissatisfaction" in the market for publicly provided municipal services, as in other markets. We find that reported dissatisfaction with public services can be used to predict both. Furthermore,...