One of the main concepts of the international spectrum management regime is allocating the spectrum to the different radiocommunication services. Service allocation is also one of the main elements of national spectrum policy and determines the use of the spectrum. If national service allocation...

Over the last decade or so, access to broadband telecommunication services has become increasingly important. Through broadband, households and companies are able to engage with the informationbased economy that is emerging, through, for example, buying and selling online or using social media....

Utility providers, such as energy companies and railway operators, have been long emphasised as driving competition and facilitating investment in broadband markets. Nevertheless, their involvement and contribution to broadband development has varied significantly over time. In the late 1990s,...