"Black and Scholes (1973) and Merton (1973, 1974) (hereafter referred to as BSM) introduced the contingent claim approach (CCA) to the valuation of corporate debt and equity. The BSM modeling framework is also named the "structural" approach to risky debt valuation. The CCA considers all...

We analyze fintechs and their impact on the traditional financial system from a functional perspective. Following the approach suggested by Merton (1995) [A Functional Perspective of Financial Intermediation, Financial Management 24(2), 23–41], we show how the six core functions of financial...

We examine government decisions on subsidizing investments in the private sector and discriminating among firms in its support programs. By taxing corporate profits, the government may affect corporate investment decisions, causing firms to invest less than what would be socially optimal....