Does trade raise growth rates of commodity exporters less than those of industrial goods exporters? Do industrial … countries gain more from trade? Do world trade booms over the past two centuries help account for the widening gap between rich …, and the answer is yes to all three. World trade booms have always been associated with commodity price booms and thus with …

(the external terms of trade) from 1800 to 1913, and that of tradable to non-tradable goods and own-wages in the tradable …

trade forces produced rising primary product specialization and de-industrialization in the poor periphery. More recently … econometric evidence from 1870-1939, we know that while a terms of trade improvement raised long run growth in the rich core, it … did not do so in the poor periphery. Given that the secular terms of trade boom in the poor periphery was much bigger over …

-1878. There were three forces at work that account for Mexican exceptionalism: first, the terms of trade and Dutch disease effects …