Centrally planned and administered economy and steep ascent strategy a complete failure -- Development economics-based strategy in less developed countries an incomplete failure -- A shift toward better understood (and appreciated) classical economic prescriptions an incomplete success --...

Among the many contraints facing all participants in the international division of labour in the present decade, some seem to affect centrally planned economies (CPEs) to a greater extent than other countries. The CPEs' additional problems are due, according to Prof. Winiecki, to specific,...