Expected earnings and expected returns to education are seen by labor economists as a major determinant of educational … variation across universities and fields. We also examine the trade-off between expected starting wages and wage growth. In the … final section of the paper, we contrast expected returns to education with actual returns estimated from country …

We study the relationship between education and cognitive functioning at older ages by exploiting compulsory schooling … of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we assess the causal effect of education on old-age memory, fluency …, numeracy, orientation and dementia. We find a positive impact of schooling on memory. One year of education increases the …