solely internal testing and internal teacher monitoring including inspectorates does not affect student achievement. Our … findings point out the pitfalls of overly broad generalizations from specific country testing systems. …

achievement. The effect of school-based comparison is stronger in low-performing countries. By contrast, solely internal testing …

solely internal testing and internal teacher monitoring including inspectorates does not affect student achievement. Our … findings point out the pitfalls of overly broad generalizations from specific country testing systems. …

internal testing and internal teacher monitoring including inspectorates does not affect student achievement. Our findings … point out the pitfalls of overly broad generalizations from specific country testing systems. …

achievement. The effect of school-based comparison is stronger in low-performing countries. By contrast, solely internal testing …