In this paper we present a new method for estimating market integration under a commodity money system such as that which existed in Europe until the demise of the gold standard. The approach is based on the analysis of deviations between exchange rates and parity, which under conditions of a...

German reunication was a positive market access shock for both East and West Germany. Regions that for 45 years had experienced a decline in population due to their loss in market access following the division of Germany of WWII were most strongly affected by this positive shock. We use an...

Introduction -- Regional economic development in Europe, 1900-2010 : a description of the patterns -- Country chapte -- Austria -- Belgium -- Denmark -- Finland -- France -- Germany -- Italy -- Netherlands -- Norway -- Portugal -- Spain -- Swden -- Switzerland -- United Kingdom and Ireland --...