exporter of oil and gas, and at current energy prices this provides large hard currency revenues. As the war continues …, European governments are under increased pressure to scale- up their energy sanctions, following measures taken by the United … way for Europe to sanction Russian energy would not be an embargo, but the introduction of an import tariff that can be …

countries are overrepresented. This is desired in the EU treaties. But the EU treaties also emphasise the importance of equality … and equal treatment of citizens by EU institutions. Inequality of representation in the European Parliament has been … representation and distribution of seats to countries. We do so within the constraints set by the EU treaties. • One option would be …

This Policy Contribution, based on a note written for the Bundestag EU Committee, explores the possible consequences of … a no-deal Brexit for the European Union and assesses preparations on the EU side. It also provides guidance on the … optimal strategy for the EU, depending on the choices made by the United Kingdom. Overall, a no-deal Brexit would be …