The Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) has considered climate change as a risk issue since 2010. Several emission … financial performances, especially of listed companies. There are two ways these companies can disclose their transition risk … exposure and are not alternatives. One is the explicit declaration of exposure to transition risk in the legally binding …

that lead to these assets becoming stranded. Our result suggest that climate change implies a positive and increasing risk … risk. Transition risks lower substantially the participation of carbon intensive assets in the market portfolio, which …

increasing risk premium. We also show that, with the observed trends in climate change, macroeconomic risk works as a hedge … against catastrophic climate change, such that the aggregate equity premium may remain unaltered. The transition risk of …

risk premium, with the overall equity premium depending on the volatility of the stochastic process that governs climate … change risk. Transition risks lower substantially the participation of carbon intensive assets in the market portfolio, which …

characterizing ecosystems, might be a more appropriate framework relative to the classic risk case (measurable uncertainty). This … either minimum safety standards or optimal harvesting under precautionary approaches …