We consider a supply chain in which a producer supplies a fresh product, through a third-party logistics (3PL) provider, to a distant market where a distributor purchases and sells it to end customers. The product is perishable, both the quantity and quality of which may deteriorate during the...

In this paper we study a single-product, single-period assemble-to-order (ATO) model with uncertain assembly capacity. To reduce the risk/cost, the manufacturer may need to assemble in advance. Also, when the demand is realized, he/she may need to place emergency component orders. We present a...