decisions highly contingent on firm characteristics and past performance, complicating the identification of the privatization … requirements in China. This paper finds that Chinese cities whose top officials were older than age 58 were 20 percent less likely … specification (including its random-growth variant). The paper further finds that the privatization effects are significantly larger …

A void in the literature on the business environment is how it evolves over time. Focusing on China during its crucial … better educated, with more diverse sectoral experience. Market competition increased over time, especially after China …

the government set up to shape the business environment of private firms. Focusing on China during its crucial two decades … educated, with more diverse sectoral experiences. Market competition increased over time, especially after China's World Trade …