Whereas much research has focused on the benefits of an entrepreneurial career, less attention has been devoted to understanding its costs. In particular, studies have left unanswered the question of how employers evaluate ex-founders at the point of hire. We propose that employers penalize job...

Ample research has documented that female founders are disadvantaged in entrepreneurship, but few theories explain how their disadvantage carries over into later stages of the entrepreneurial process. We combine evidence from longitudinal matched employer-employee data covering all founders of...