There is an apparent theoretical discrepancy between the effects of monetary policy shocks on economies with differently competitive banking sectors. We employ cross-country data to investigate this hypothesis with two different approaches. First, using aggregate data we analyze the correlation...

We examine how the Bank of Japan’s purchase of exchange traded funds (ETFs) affects companies’ profit, innovation investment, and governance using a difference-in-differences method. The Bank of Japan has purchased ETFs tracking Nikkei 225 and TOPIX since December 2010. The results show that...