Economists have long argued that to increase households’ welfare, cash transfers are more efficient than commodities subsidies. However, not many studies address the indirect or economy-wide effect of such transfers especially in the context of poverty reduction programs in developing...

In this paper, we argue that the intensification of capital use and an acceleration of real wage growth can be the main culprits of the “jobless growth” in Indonesian manufacturing sector for the period of 1999-2008, a period of recovery from the Asian Crisis. This can also endanger the...