Consider a remanufacturing system consisting of a brand, a new component supplier (Supplier N), and a remanufactured component supplier (Supplier R). The brand priorly purchases remanufactured components and then assembles them into final products, while Supplier R collects the end-of-life...

Conventional electricity generation from coal and natural gas is one of the largest greenhouse gas sources and using wind power is an effective way to achieve climate neutrality. Realizing this, green manufacturers such as SC Johnson and Silk decide to use 100% wind power for their manufacture....

Recently, government such as India, Canada and China have levied environment tax on production while subsidized the output of remanufactured components to promote resource-saving and pollution reduction. As a result, many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have collaborated with the...

Abstract: In practice, consumption quality refers to “production quality + category image”, where the former is determined by a contract manufacturer (CM) and the latter is promoted by an industry leader. In this paper, we explore whether the industry leader should cooperate with the CM...

In the recent years, supported by Industry 4.0 techniques and government’s strict quality supervision, remanufactured components can be of high quality “as good as new”. This encourages the supplier of remanufactured components to develop self-branded business and encroach on downstream...

To ensure the imported vaccines’ high quality, many countries such as Canada, the UK and China require the imported vaccine provider to cooperate with an exclusive domestic agent for vaccine sales. In this paper, we examine the role of promised-deliver-time (PDT) for the transport of vaccines...